2) the universe stretches out (1929 Hubble). The further a galaxy is situated from us, the faster it moves away from us. Now it says that matter and time have been developped at Big Bang. This happened approximately 14.5 billion years ago. The solar system is 4.5 billion years old. What was beforehand, has not been able to be explained by the astronomie. That is the job of the cosmology.

3) Gravitation waves: With the background radiation, the gravitation waves also developed. But until today (2004) gravitation waves were unable to be proved even with the today's technology, since they are very small. This proof is however still missing for the Big Bang theory. This will be however proven in the future, as well as the existence of the background radiation, which was found by coincidence.

4) -- >Redshift     Big Bang theory
 
 
 
 
 

Does matter still develops today from the Big Bang? 

No - there are no signs for it. Theoretically it is possible that this procedure is still in course today. Even with telescopes in space, we can only observe a small range in the universe.
 
 
 

How does one see an object? 
The light beam curvature 
Additional info.: In principle to eye http://www.deepskybeobachtung.de/auge.htm

It is not true that the eyeray is sent out by our eyes. If we look on e.g. at the moon, it's not the eyeray (coming from our eyes) which radiates up to the moon  and returns back to our eyes and we thereby receive the seen information. The light beam would have then to cover the way twice. Once for the way there and then for the way back. This is not correct. What is right is that each body, object etc... (which is visible) sends constantly light beams. These meet our retina in the eye and are recognized and seen. The light beam cover the way only one time from the seen object to our eyes. 

Light beam curvature 

Redshift - Doppler effect
During the expansion of the universe (expansion), all stars, planets and galaxies move away from the earth. If a source of light moves away from the observer, then the wavelength of its light increases, and this results to a red shift (talking SHIFT) --> Doppler effect. Approaching has blue shift. The radiation of far away objects always possesses a red shift. 

As a comparison it is mentioned that even by driving pass of the police cars (with siren) the hearings change. The frequency becomes brighter and higher. Additionally it is referred to the fact that the red shift can also be caused due to an another effect: The light  penetrates gas and dust in the interstellar space on the way to the earth - this procedure turns up the light red. Is only the red shift the proof for the BIG BANG? That is more than improbable, means one of the opponent of the Big Bang theory --> Halton Arp.Tardoxx means: The red shift can also be  the result of loss of energy of the light. When a light beam is travelling since billions of years , then this might lead to fatigue - and thus the red shift appear! Einstein showed in relativity theory that the speed of light is constant in the vacuum. That should also mean then that no fatigue and deceleration and end of the speed occurs.
 
 

ALIENS - Ufologie -  Extraterrestrier -
ALF - Extraterrestrial?

Only one solar system has been proven to exists. Up to now, only one solar system has been proven in the entire investigated universe (the sun is being orbited from several planets). This is our solar system. This fact is practically not mentioned at all in the literature. 

For the development of complex life (not bacterium) many singular prerequisites are absolutely necessary to fulfil this process:
-  a planet, which draws its courses at the ideal distance around a sun. It should be not too far away (cold) and not too close (heat) to the sun. The distance from  the sun to the earth amounts to about 150,000,000 kilometers. Thus the sun warms up the earth in such a way that water turns into liquid and does not evaporate and though an atmosphere could be then formed. If the distance would only have been 5 % larger or smaller, so would be the Earth a dead planet, and would not have been able to bring out life.

-  many of the 103 chemical items of the earth were almost available to an  extent, in order to enable lives. Lives are based for example out of sulfur, manganese or an extraterrestial element which is probably not be existing!? This well-known life, and the way we are leading  it now, cannot be based from other items. Carbon can actually not be replaced because of its variety of connections. An organism which is based of sulfur must live in a sulfur lake similar to a fish living in our world.

-   a collision should occur between atoms, which forms macromolecules and can reproduce themselves.
-  a Dns molecule must form. The DNS is the basis of all life.
 At first the sun fog was in the area of our earth. Within all areas of the sun fog, where the  earth was situated, large volumes of the volatile materials evaporated such as helium and hydrogen. Moreover certain atoms must try to find themselves together - in an ideal temperature.
-  the force of gravity must be like it is now. If it would just has been only a little bit stronger, then neither suns nor planets would have been able to form themselves and the universe would have then already collasped in itself after the Big Bang. 
-  originally it was very hot on earth. Earth and stones left an atmosphare from the cooled off rocks.This offers also the necessary protection against the high-energy solar wind.
-  the evolution to complex organisms needs a long time to bring stability on the  earth. It took 4.5 billion years, until humans and animals were brought to life on earth. In this time the development of the live-basic planet must not be disturbed by any cosmic catastrophe.
This provides also a stability of the earth's axis (DIAGRAM), which is held by the moon in the same inclination. Without the moon, angle modifications would have taken place up to 80 degrees. This is also a protection against Asteroids, which could also have cause cosmic devastations on earth. This protection is offered through the largest planet of the solar system called the Jupiter. Through its high mass "magnetic", it  pulls the Asteroids away from the earth atmosphere.
This also provides a protection against the high-energetic radiation of the solar wind through the magnetic field of the earth.
-  the sun possess an ideal diameter for us. The sun is 1,300,000 times larger than the earth. Hydrogen and helium burn out of the sun. This process of the suns depends on the size. If the sun would be have been larger in the diameter, then the combustion (burning action) would have occured faster and the sun would have not survive longer. With the current diameter of the sun, this process will run however constantly over more than ten billion of years, before the sun collapses and dies. The sun could not exist then at the necessary time, in order to enable the necessary period of the evolution on earth.

- The force of gravity is around the factor 10 to the 
power of 40 weaker than the core tight energy. Would the 
force of gravity be less weaker, then 
substantially more short-lived suns would have developed, at 

All this and further more must be available - 
       otherwise no life can develops.
--> ALL these coincidences , miracles and prerequisites must have occurred - to enable life . Thus there are probably no Aliens, since no other planets are found to orbit around a sun in the entire well-known universe which could carry life.

Many miracles must occur in the correct order so that life has developed through out the Big Bang. 
Question: " Why is the universe so, like we see it now?" The answer:"Only a small little change, we would not be existing and would not have been able to ask this question ".

The planet system of Upsilon Andromedae is a sun of star type: Yellow down-giant and 3 planet circle around it. JIANG Y & IP W., 2000 (see http://www.exoplaneten.de/upsand/index.html ). It is not proven.
If these exist, then these planets are however too hot, in order to be able to produce lives. 
Look also: extraterr. systems
 

The 4 laws of nature
The 4 natural constants of the 4 natural forces are constant since the Big Bang, whereby the strong nuclear power is the largest power.

The strong nuclear power is 100 times larger than the electro-dynamic forces 
  (attraction between 2 charged particles).

The strong nuclear power is 100,000,000,000 stronger than the force of gravity 
  (gravitation)

The strong nuclear power is 
  1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 stronger 
  as the weak nuclear power.

The relationship of the 4 forces must be like that, as it is.  If it would be different, then there would be no stable solar systems and galaxies etc..
The 4 natural forces were originally (after the Big Bang)  united in the origin force

A possibility for Ufos to exists:
At most, only if  inhabitants from the earth built a life in  ALL and - forget the pasts  - and come back after thousands of years again as Aliens. And exactly this is what is going to happen in the distant future.

SETI 
The largest organization for the search for extraterrestial life is at present the SETI. It offers a program to free Download to all interested ones at their disposal, in order to find out more on this theme. SETI use the largest radio telescopes for his work to receive signals from Aliens. Till now, no signal has been received  which proves hundred percent that intelligent origin (Aliens) exists. 
 

Seti= search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (search for extraterrestrial intelligence) 

Under this over term, the large radio telescopes are used on earth to search for radio signals from extraterrestial ways of life. However the quantities of data, which are collected thereby, are enormous. These are experienced at the university of Berkeley, Californien, to exchanges ideas and the daily collected quantity of datas of the radio telescope of Arecibo. These are then distributed into 200.000 handy packages. Each of them are about 275kb larg. Download and guidance for the SETI program are under the following URL:
Source: http://www.astronomie.de/bibliothek/initiativen/seti/seti.htm
 
 

MOON - lightnings, phenomens were observed on the moon which showed sudden flashes on the lunar surface. --> at present completely inexplicable. it can be anti- matter.
 

has a certain value. All stars of the universe are added together in the mass. Through this, a total gravitation is available which tries to obstruct the universe in the expansion and turn the expansion back. The larger is the mass, the stronger is the energy, which will obstruct the universe in the expansion. If a limit value is exceeded, then a deadlock occurs in the expansion and the reversal of the expansion. Hawking means now that at present too less well-known mass in the universe exists, which can cause a reversal. If we sum up the masses of all stars, which we can see in our and other galaxies, then we come up to altogether less than a hundredth of the amount, which, even at the lowest estimation of the expansion rate, would be necessary to prevent the expansion of the universe. Our and other galaxies must contain large quantities of "dark matter" ( dark matter ), which we are unable to see directly. However their presence can be diverted from observations and they influence the courses of the stars in the galaxies through their gravitation. 

  Different laboratories in the world, even that in Munic are searching for this matter. It does not only remain comprehensible why one believes that they summed up all masses of the suns in the entire universe, since only one part of the universe is investigated with the telescope. Thus, only one part of the number of suns is well-known and the summation of all number of star masses is incomplete. Also an estimation due to the averaged universe density is insufficient, since the total volume of the universe is unknown. One probably assumes that in the well-known part of the universe, a certain average number of mass (by stars and planet etc.) is available in one volume of e.g. a cubic Parsec. So far that's OK. This is then extrapolated on the unknown part of the universe, from which one does not even know, how far it extends. This is not admissible. 
 
 

Space curvature 
With the help of the general relativity theory of A. Einstein (1916), the structure and the curvature of the space was brought in connection with the presence and the distribution of the masses in space. In the environment of massive heavenly bodies the space is strongly curved as in larger distances of such mass. The total curvature of space is caused through the total of all masses and these theories were able to be proven by observation and experiment.  A. Einstein originally believed, an infinite and unlimited universe is stable. However 1922, A. Friedmann was able to point out that this universe is completely unstable and is determined by expansion and contraction. Few years later, was then also an event proven in the shape of the Hubble - effect which suggests the expansion of the cosmos. 
Space-time curvature
 
 
 
 
 

Olbers' paradoxon 
If the universe were infinitely large, light from a star would come from every direction and the earth sky would have also be brightened up at night time. Since it is dark at night time, this defined that the universe cannot be infinitely large and be there since infinite time. Now one could think, that the light beams are absorbed all the way long through nebulas, gases, dust and other stuffs. Herrschel disproved this theory, by pointing out that absorbed energy is radiated back again to different directions - however the same quantity of light are radiated to the earth. Also this leads to the fact that the stars are not existing infinitely, but the presence of the stars (suns) have a temporal starting point. That could only be the Big Bang.
Further to Olber

Steady State theory - stationary model 
The universe spreads, but the distances between the galaxies remain the same. In order to obtain the universe density constantly, new galaxies develop.  That appears more improbably than the Big Bang. 

The statics Theory (1949 - Hermann Bondy) was in competition to the Big Bang theory until the backgroung of the microwave radiation was discovered. In the static theory one assumes that the universe appears to look alike at any place and at any time from all observers. The observed expansion of the universe was explained in this theory due to constantly  new matters which were formed, which filled up the holes of the universe. Thus the density of the universe was available again, which was diluted by the expansion. Not the discovery of the background radiation first proved that the static theory is incorrect, but the counting of the radio sources already showed this result.  However we are grateful of the achievement to this theory: the development of the theory of the Nucleosynthesis in stars. This was necessary, since one could not interpret the emergence of the elements by processes in the consequence of a Big Bang.
 
 

Anthropic principle 
The universe must be suitable for intelligent life. Otherwise no life would have existed, like we human beings who would appear in the universe and ask, why the universe is in four-dimensional shape. 

Two-dimensional natures on the line

We imagine two-dimensional natures, which live on a line. They do not have the third dimension called HEIGHT. Hereby I was already asked, why time is not the first dimension, but the fourth. Length, width and height are the first dimensions, since without existing area no time can pass by. Now the living space of the two-dimensional natures, i.e. the line, is bent to a circle. Thus a third dimension exists now in its life, without being noticed from the two-dimensional natures. When they start at one point straight ahead, they reach inevitably again  their starting point. This applies similar to us, we do not recognize the 5. Dimension. . . _Kinkel/Kuban_in-Nov_2003 
 
 

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