The time
in
the gravity field
If
we view the universe, then we see principially only empty space.
In
this empty area there is vacuum and a standard time is
available.
A very small percentage of the world - space (thus in the entire universe)
are fulfilled with suns. There are billions of them, but they take up only
little space.
The
passing of time within the ranges of the suns deviates from the time elapse
in the vacuum. The time does not pass evenly, but within the range of the
suns it runs slower through the gravitation. See here a principle of relativity
theory:
Under
the effect of the gravity the time passes more slowly.
Exactly
the same applies also, if one moves forward with e.g. half of speed
of light. The time passes substantially slower than in the comparitive
area of the vacuum.
The
similar applies on the earth. The time passes more slowly in the valley
than on a high mountain, since the gravitation is weaker on the mountain.
This leads even so far that our feet have a slower time elapse than our
head. Naturally this also applies here that while standing the head
is further away from the earth center and therefore less Gravitation is
availaible.
The
slowing down of the time is thus at largest in the center of a matter body
and decreases outward, until it is normalized again in some distance of
the center of the sun.
The
time normalizes itself at that point, at which no gravity fields are availaible
anymore. Thus, gravity fields also have an effect within the range
of the vacuum in the proximity of suns, neutron stars and black
holes etc. and the time is slowed down.
GPS
(Global
Positioning System) - satelite system
The
time in the gravity field of the earth passes more slowly. That can be
however corrected through the GPS in a passenger car accordingly.
The GPS corresponds with satellites in the earth orbit, for which the time
passes faster than on earth. This time correction functions, otherwise
the GPS would never indicate a correct place. Also this is a proof for
the presence of the time slowing down in the gravitational field.
2:
Why do clocks go slower under the effect of the gravity?
See
HERE
3)
Why does the time passes more slowly in fast-flying spaceships?
See
HERE
4)
Why does the time passes more slowly, when we as observer see a train (speed
= 120 km/h) with headlight?
ANSWER:
First an example for explanation:
A
train drives with 100 km/h.
An
another train coming towards the first, drives past with 120 km/h. We are
seated as observer in one of these trains and see the other drive past
with 220 km/h from the window.
Law
of nature: The speeds are always added together, with the exception
that the sum is not higher than the speed of light of 300,000 km/sec.
Now
to our question number 3) - train with headlight:
Through the addition of both headlights speeds, a higher speed is obtained
to that of the light. A higher speed than the light is not possible, even
when the principle of General relativity theory says: The speed of
light is always
fixed,
no matter whether the observer stands or is in motion.
Example
2: Two trains drive, one at 100 km/h and the other at 120 km/h to a collision.
The crash speed amounts hereby to 220 km/h since both speeds have to be
added.
The
same applies also to spreading light.
In order to equalize this difference, the time for the observer passes
slower in order to reduce the existing time.
The speed of light (from the headlights) are added to the speed of the
train of 120 km/h:
Since it must be dimension, the speed of light in
km/second is converted into km/h: One hour has 60 x 60 = 3600
Seconds: 300,000 km/second times 3600 = 1,080,000,000 km/hour
Total speed = 1,080,000,000 km/hour + 120 km/h =
Total speed = 1,080,000,120 km/hour
The addition is naturally higher than that of the light.
This difference is equalized from the laws of nature through the slowing
down of the time elapse of the observer. Since the time passes slower,
the speed appears to be smaller to the observer.
In this way the observer percieves the speed of light,
and not the addition of the speed of light and that of the train.
This
constantly happens in the everyday life. The slowing down of the time is
accordingly low, since the relationship of the train with 120 km/h and
that of the light with 1,080,000,120 km/hour is very small.
In
the observed period of time, the light lays a certain distance back.
Since
the time is now passing more slowly in the observed period of time,
the
real existing speed sinks now to the maximum
occurring
speed of the light.
5)
What is a curved space (space curvature)
Answer:
Space
curvature :
Pictorial
it is imagined as follows, that by the curvature,
virtual
rails are present, at which the earth is held in its course at free fall.
These
virtual rails are only a figurative conception, actually here are invisible
lines of gravity fields. Yes - the earth falls into free fall
in
the orbit, exactly the same way as an apple falls down from the tree.
These
force of gravity lines (the fields) result from the presence of mass. The
area is expanded - why does the gravitation
has
influence
on the time
Space
curvature does not also mean hat the area is curved in any form.
Only
the drop direction of a mass is curved, on which the
Gravitation
(the gravity) has influences.
When
an apple falls from a tree, then its drop direction is a straight line,
which is towards the center of the earth.
There
is no space curvature on the earth's surface, which affects the apple.
The
apple falls in straight lines line into FREE FALL.
The
earth is located in the gravitational field of the sun and falls into free
fall
around the sun. The earth follows thereby simply its gravitational field
line.
That
is the shortest way for planets.
6)
Why is there no speed, which is higher than the speed of light with approximately
300,000 km/second?
Then
one could see into the past.
With
our eyes and our eyesight we only see with speed of light. Would
rays of light be received by the eyes, which would be faster than light,
then these would be from the past,
and
this is something we can exclude.
LINK
to: How do we see. Here it is explained, how our sight funktion develops,
our eyes send no sight rays but they receive exclusive rays of light.
See
Eyes
of human part 1 - Part
2
The
laws of nature has specified the speed of light to the critical speed.
7)
What would be, if light would have only 200 km/seconds and not
300,000
km/seconds?
The
speed of the light amounts to 299 792 km per second. This is a natural
constant and can not be changed. BUT: Which effects would this have on
us, if the light would only spread with 200km/s?
Then
the relativistic effects would make itself feel in our everyday life which
normally only have effects in the astronomical dimensions.
However
now we need some basic information:
A)Light
is an electromagnetic wave and consists of oscillations. Unlike to the
sound waves, light does not need a medium (E.G.: air) in order to be able
to move. Light have its own frequency dependant energy state and possesses
no mass.
B)How
does one see an object
Additional
info about the light-beam curvature.: Basic knowledge about eyes
http://www.deepskybeobachtung.de/auge.htm
It
is wrong that the sight ray is sent out from our eyes. If we look e.g.
at the moon, then it is not the sight ray (coming from our eyes) which
radiates up to the moon and returns back to our eyes and we thereby receive
the seen information. At this point the ray of light would have to lay
the way twice. One for the way there and then the way back. This is not
correct. Correct is that each body, object etc. (which is visible) constantly
send and/or reflects rays of light respectively. These reach our retina
in the eye and are recognized and seen. The ray of light masters its way
from the seen object to our eyes only once. We see in red, green and blue
and its mixture/overlapping. If the blue part of the light is filtered,then
it remains red and green. Both colors together is seen as yellow. A black
object swallows all colors.
We
just imagine, light would move with 200 km/h. That would have enormous
effects.
-
the light would not reach the earth anymore.
The
energy would not be availaible. That would have consequences that on no
life could exist on the earth. See
: engzyklentheorie3.html#rahmen
-
a clearly blunt take place, because the light is much longer on the way
e.g.: We observe a sports car with a speed of 200 km/h. The light has in
our example also an extension speed of 200 km/h. The car moves now
with the same speed at which the light takes to reach us. By the time the
first ray of light of the car reaches us, it has already moved on further
away. This light now also reaches us and covers the preceding one only
partly. Everything looks blurred up, so we see everything blurred.
-
moving objects appeared to us either stretched or jolted. Besides, it appears
closer to us, as if it were real. - the colour scheme of our environment
would be completely different, since now different colors would overlap.
The Doppler effect would have a very large influence.
Example:
A
police car drive past to us with siren. The sound becomes deeper, as soon
as the car drove past at us. If the siren moves towards us, then the sound
seems brighter/higher. The red shift is now effective. Objects, which approach
us, would appear blue to us, objects moving away from us appear red. -
but if we would be in the car, everything would appear more reddish in
the driving direction and viewing out of the rear window, everything looks
blue.
If
we would move forward with speed of light, then we would even be able to
look around a house corner, before we reach that corner.
8)
Can matter be produced?
Can
matter be produced from energy be produced? YES
Here
the equation changed over from e to m. That means nothing other than, that
matter is equal to the energy. Thus we can transform matter into energy.
But we can also transform energy into matter.
Transformation
of energy in mass (matter).
In relativity
theory "m" is not specified as a mass from a certain material. Any matter
can be used for "m". One receives mass, when energy is divided into square
by the speed of light.
Thus
it would also function, if we cycle and produce energy through the dynamo.
Through corresponding changes and processing of the produced energy, matter
developps.
The
formula testifies e=mc2.
Thus
if one cycles from Bischem to Frankfurt, one could even produce
matter
for building his own house. This is possible however only to corresponding
transformation of the dynamo energy.
-
Matter is concentrated energy
9)
Why does time elapse place
in discrete time jumps?
Since
everything exists only in quantum (quantum theory - quantum mechanics)
- even the time. Quantum are the majority of a quanta-
thus
a certain quantity of a unit.
The
Planck time is a minimum of the time length, which is indivisible.
Continuously
passing of the time and
small
discrete time jumps
Generally
we believe, that time passes continuously and evenly. In physical papers
(e.g. quantum gravitation, large standardized theory, m-theory) there are
theories that says that there could be a Planck time, which cannot be divided.
Here would the time proceed further in very small discrete jumps.
There
is a minimum quanta in each kind of existence.
Naturally,
also for example, in the energy, in the longitudinal dimension, and
the mass:
the
Planck energy is at 10 to the power of -19 GeV, and
the
Planck length is 10 to the power of -33 centimeters.
Mass
= 10 to the power of -8 gram
What
has Max Planck discovered?. He had recognized that the radiated energy
as well as the matter, possesses atomistic structure. That each radiation
from the radiating body is not emitted evenly and continuously
but
divided in very very small energy portions - he called them quanta.
He
also recognized, that the size of these quanta is dependent in the colour
from the radiation frequency, and he was able to calculate the exact size
of these quanta.
Thus
the quantum theory means that each heat radiation and also each ray of
light do not exist from cohorent waves but from tremendous multiplicity
of inviduals, short multiple waves which are independant from each other
with exact definable energy.
The
Planck time represents a minimum measure of the time length - a minimum
period.
0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
seconds
 The
Planck unit of time lasts 1X10(power-43)seconds.
The
smallest possible occurring period of time. This cannot be divided any
more. That also means that only one picture can be seen with our eyes at
each beginning of the Planck unit. There is no time course availaible in
the period of time (era) of Planck time.
Smaller
units than the Planck units are physically not relevant.
SEE
Planck world LESCH film - what is the Planck world?
http://www.br-online.de/alpha/centauri/
look archiv
It
is like a TV film. A picture follows the next one.
If
the Planck time would be for example 1 second, then we would recognize
a jerk with our eyes during the running of the film. Within a Planck unit,
only one picture appears. If we watch out of the window on the road with
the Basic Law: a unit of the Planck time is 1 second, then the following
happens:
A
cyclist drives along the road. We see him driving with jerk, because
after each second only the most current picture of him is seen. The cyclist
drives naturally continuously further forwards, but our eyes recognize
only a next picture at the end of the Planck time. In the duration of the
Planck time we see continuously the same picture.
 As
MPG download
EVERY
seconds a picture
Run
with 25 pictures per second.
EVERY 
seconds a picture
 as
MPG Download
Run
with 10 pictures per second.
EVERY
seconds a picture
Run
with 10 pictures per second. we see jerk in the FILM.
The
Planck time was expanded artificially in order to clarify it
See
question number 13: What is Planck time?
Normal
film for Planck time 2.7 MT as MPG
Normal
film for Planck time 0.8 MT as WMV
every
0.5 seconds a picture
The
jerk is to be seen clearly
The
Planck time was artificially expanded, in order to clarify it
LOOK
13) What ist the Planck-time?
The
Pal TV has 25 pictures per second. That looks for us like a harmonious
continuous operational sequence - without any jerk in the film.
However
if it is only 10 pictures per second (GIF), then we see this as a
jerked film.
In
the television, we see 25 pictures for each sec. =
1
seconds divided by 25 = 0.04 Sek/each picture. (4 X 10 (power -2)
-
we
recognize no jerks with our eyes in the film.
In
the example of 10 pictures per second =
1
seconds divided by 10 = 0.1 Sek/each picture. (1 X 10 (power -1)
- we recognize jerks in the film.
From
this fact we recognize that 1 X 10 (power -43) second is an extremely short
period of time at which only one picture is seen at a time unit.
That
would mean, we see 10 power 43 pictures per second. In the Planck unit,
no repeated course of motion is contained for this duration of time. This
is the same like in a TV-Film.
10)
PRINCIPLES of the ART and SRT
SRT
- Principle of special relativity theory (of 1905)
ART
- Principle of general relativity theory (of 1915)
PRINCIPLES
of the ART and SRT
Principle
1 and 2 always happen together.
1.
Principle of the special relativity theory:
Moving
clocks go more slowly than resting clocks
Timedilatation
1.
Principle of the general relativity theory:
Under
the effect of the gravity, clocks go
more slowly than in the resting state
2.
Principle of the special relativity theory:
Moving
objects shrink
2.
Principle of the general relativity theory:
Moved
objects shrink under effect of the gravity
Length
contraction
3.
Principle of the special relativity theory:
The
mass is not constant. The mass of moving bodies grows.
(not the number of atoms)
relativistic
mass increase
4.
Principle of special relativity theory:
The
speed of light is always the same, whether the observer stands still or
is in motion.
11)
ART - SRT - BACKGROUND - information:
Einstein
selected the name: Invariance theory
(unchangeableness
of mathematical sizes).
He
did not like the name relativity theory selected by Planck
Original
Einstein - manuscript http://www.alberteinstein.info/manuscripts/
The
electromagnetic field produces something physically
realistic. The gravitational field of the earth causes a free falling of
the apple from the tree to the earth. The gravitational field of the sun
causes
a free falling of the earth to orbit around the sun.
Effect
at a distance?
The
electromagnetic features secure the free fall.
A
sudden effect without time delay can not happen in the distance.
This
would be then a distant effect from the gravity on distant events which
would have to be faster than the light.
Therefore
- gravity is no force, but a geometrical function.
GENERAL:
-
the solar system moves with 900,000 km/h around the center of the
Galaxy.
-
closed system = initial system
There
are no foreign effects in a closed system.
But
since gravitation forces of the galaxy center are always present,
no
pure initial system is possible.
SRT
- The principle of the Special Relativity Theory from 1905.
ART
- The principle of the General Relativity Theory from 1915.
The
special RT developped in the year 1905 and the general RT developped in
the year 1915.
-
the gravity and acceleration are related.
Curved
space-time
-
Einstein replaces the term of the gravity through
the
geometrical conception of a curved space-time.
Thus
the gravity had become to a geometrical function.
The
gravity is no force, but an effect of the curvature
of
space and time (General Relativity Theory)
What
does the universe consist of?
-
the universe exists:
-
only from atoms neutrons protons and electrons
-
from bright matter (we)
-
from nonluminous matter (baryonische = Dark Matter etc..)
-
from radiation
There
are 4 nature basic forces
-
A)
The electromagnetic interaction
b)
the gravity (gravitation
C)
The strong atomic change effect.
D)
The weak atomic change effect
The
electromagnetic interaction is 10000 stronger than the gravity.
In
the old force are all FOUR forces united,
This
world formula is looked for.
World
formula
The
general Relativity Theory is since now not connected with the quantum mechanics
in an united theory. The search for it - and thus the search of a world
formula is strided, partly.
Electron
charges
The
mass in our universe are charged POSITIVELY and the electrons which circles
around the core-NEGATIVELY-. Therefore is the space-time curved inward
and the time passes more slowly.
The
mass in the antimatter is charged NEGATIVELY and the electrons which circles
around the core-POSITIVELY -. Therefore is the space-time curved outward
and the time passes faster as without influence of the gravity.
For
all, we should not forget that the time is dependant to the speed of light.
QUESTION
12:
Does
the time exists as an (Entity), or is it only an imaginary aid from the
human being, which can be measured with designed mechanical or High
Tech machines?
Answer:
It is not a human invented aid, in means of a clock,
for
e.g. to arrange an appointment. The proof is supplied with the GPS (global
positioning system - passenger navigation system).
The
GPS in the passenger car is connected with satellites in the earth orbit.
Up there, the gravity is weaker than on the earth's surface.
Therefore
the time passes faster for the satellites up there that on the earth.
Only
through this knowledge of different time duration, were the satellites
able
to be reprogrammed on this relativistic circumstances, in order to adjust
the
time
difference.
If
this would not have been done, then the satellites would have indicated
a
wrong location to the passenger car, which would wrong up to 400 meters.
Since
the time must have to be corrected, this is indeed a proof for the universal
existence of the time. If something does not exists, then it does not even
have to be corrected.
Would
it be an aid invented from the humans, then it would not have the need
to be corrected.
That
why Space was born with the time after the Big Bang.
Time
also can not exists without space.
NEWTON
and the time
Newton
quotation: "and time is not an object but a dimension of duration, which
is self not measurable but has to be defined. Measures do not exist but
they are effective, are thus somewhat from
understanding
defined by law. "The relative time, the direct perception and
common
so mentioned, is a sense and outward dimension of duration, which is generated
from movement...
"
(. Newton, Principia, Scholium of the definitions,
Isaac
Newton (1643-1727), English physicist recognized the universal law of the
gravitation)
Through
this, Newton surely means, that the "time" defined in such a way by us
is only an imaginary aid from human beings.
That
also means, that the fourth dimension "time" does not exist. Newton regarded
space and time as a stage, at which the happening
of
matter takes place. Newton treated the time as ENTITY (as an existance
unlike to a nature object). They show a stage at which,
something
exists independently and the happening takes place.
The
duration of days and hours in seconds, minutes, hours etc. are measured
with always constant running of clock mechanism.
Thus
the duration of motion and as well the duration of motionless are measured.
With
this aid of the time, appointment can be specified and we can start at
8 o'clock in the morning e.g. with our daily work.
And
to drive in the exact minute and so we save time (waiting period).
Thus
the clock is designated as the largest and most important invention of
mankind.
As
comparison, it is here specified that Einstein's relativity theory is not
an
invention,
but recognized as existing laws of nature, which exist since the development
of time.
Einstein
quotation: "time is an illusion".
Question
13) What ist the Planck-time?
That
is the smallest Timeunit, which is also not more divisible. We see it clearly
in the Film:
Download.
To show it clearly , the Plack time is extended unrealistically billion
times in the film. It starts when a picture appears and ends with the next
picture. We also see only single pictures with our eyes.
The
Planck time have a duration of
0,0000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
Sekunden.
:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:._.:*~*:.
:
* ~ *:. _.: * ~ *:. _.: * ~ *:. _.: * ~ *:. _.: * ~ *:. _.: * ~ *:. _.:
* ~ *:.
Author:
Robert Kinkel on the 9.6.2005 after Christ
Translation:
German in English Tara Kinkel
9.6.2005
after Christ
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