On this page - time 3 

- why does gravitation has influence on the time

- standard time

- which influence does the limit of the speed of light (at ~ 300000 km/sec.) has on the time dilatation
 

- Time dilatation - formula for calculation of 
               Time difference formula diagram

- SUITCASE in the train - how does the suitcase falls to the 
    ground - Comparison of 
               - an observer in the train and 
               - outside the train - 
               - with and without air resistance 

- the NOW (the present) - how long does one instant lasts? 

- miracles?

- 4 to 11 dimensions

- Kinkel gravitation development theory

The nature of the time part 1

The nature of the time part 2

A mass curves the area by its presence. Gravitational fields develop due to the space curvatures. Even the time is also curved due to the curvature of the area, since area and time form a unit. The time cannot exist without area and vice versa. See HERE for details. 

If the area shrinks (becomes thus smaller) - 
the time expands (thus, it becomes slower). 

Definition space-time - the unit of space and time:
It is like GOOD and EVIL, YING and YANG 
or a pair of lovers. One cannot be present alone by itself. 
The two are connected causally together. If one of them is cancelled
, then the existence of the other one end up as well. 
E.g. If only one person of a pair of lovers is present, 
then the lovers do not exist any longer 
and the persons also not, because it is no part of a lover 
more - by definition - a pair is made of two. 
The same applies to the space-time as well. If no area exists, then no time can pass as well. Is there no time available, the area is not an area, 
since no motion can take place without passing of the time. 
It would be a frozen something without time - 
but it would not be an area. 
 
 
 
 

Gravitational fields are always there, when a time dilatation (time curvature) develops. The gravitation is  a geometrical  function of the area. The time curvature does not actually develop at all from the gravitation. It develops by the space curvature - and this is caused by the existence of masses. 

Thus the gravitation has actually no influence on the time, but the shrinking area causes the time to slow down and the gravitation is caused by the shrinking area. The existing mass has an indirect influence on the time, which causes the space to shrink and slows down the time. 

In the conclusion one could come to the idea that an expanding area causes a faster elapse of the time.  And this is correct. Note: Through the expansion of the universe (expansion since the Big Bang) the existing area begins to expand. 
. 
This takes place by means of the fact that the outside masses of the universe push outside the space-time and thus the space-time stretches. The stretching of space contains a faster elapse of the time. This means, a time chaos is present at the universe borders. For this and other reasons, it is also impossible to cross this border. 
 

Standard time is considered as the existing time in the free matter and free radiation area far away of suns. This area can shrink due to new mass or radiation and thus the time stretches. 

But then the standard time is not existing anymore. Such area with standard time (universe time) can be found in the free matter e.g. area between the galaxies. 
 
 
 
 

Which influence does the limit of the speed of light has on the timedilatation? 
(on ~ 300000 km/sec.)
 

Prefaces: 
Here an example of the inevitable train, which is always helpful for such examples: 

Example: If we drive in a train through a railway station, the station clock runs for us in the train, in our reference system, a little slowler than for persons on the platform. Thus the platform becomes for us somewhat shorter while driving past. Thus the area shrank and the time stretches. 

The shrinking of the area (thus a change of the space characteristics) draws a time slow down with itself by law of nature. By the same laws of nature, the apple falls from the tree on the meadow. 
 

If 2 trains collide frontally together, then the barrier impact speed 
equal the sum of the two single speeds. 
see HERE for details. 
 

The main core - we come now to the topic: 
The limits of the speed of light 
at 300000 km/sec. 
It was already described before; Mass expands the time by its 
presence.  In the proximity of a mass in space 
(e.g. a star) the area is curved. The light particles are attracted 
by the gravitational attraction; thus they lay a longer way back. 
However that the constant 
value of the speed of light remains availaible 
(see animation: suitcase in the train - that is comparable), 
the time must go more slowly in the proximity  of e.g. stars.
The laws of nature, here the limits of the 
speed of light of approximately 300,000 km per second, 
demand this unconditionally. 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Why does the time passes 
more slowly in fast-flying 
Spaceships?
 

The 3.rd principle of special relativity theory is: The mass is not constant. The mass of moving bodies grows. (not the number of atoms) - that is the relativistic mass increase. The weight of the transport grows up through the mass inertia by acceleration. The larger the speed, the larger is the mass. It grows with the speed of light up to infinity. That is also the reason, why the speed of spaceship cannot be faster than light. 
The rising weight leads to larger gravitational fields, caused by the space shrinkage. 
Thus also the passing of time is slowed down, since space and time form a unit. 
 

Time dilatation - formula for calculation of the time difference Experimental order: 
A twin pair lives on earth. The brother get into a spaceship 
and flies 20 earth-years long with 80% speed of light in space. 
The brother who remained at home is grown 20 years older on the return of the spacedriving brother. The spaceman is grown only 12 years older  in 
        the same time. The time passes slower in the space at high speed. In the following diagram, this calculation is presented: 


Diagram F1 

Length of time in the moved reference system 
Travel duration after earth years 
Travel speed of the spaceship is 80 % of the speed of light 
At the start, both of them are 25 years old. On their return is 
the one who remained on earth, got 25 + 20 = 45 years old. 
The traveler is 25 + 12 = 37 years old.
 

At the beginning of the journey both of them are 25 years old. The brother who remained on earth is now 25 + 20 years journey = 45 years old. 
The travelling brother is now 20 + 12 = 37 years old 
ta is smaller than tb. The difference becomes zero, even if  the 
relative speed v becomes zero, i.e., the reference systems A and B 
stand still among themselves, i.e., if the spaceship 
does not fly (Speed=0). 
In extreme cases, in which v takes the value of the speed of light, 
the time ta sinks to zero, i.e. the time in the reference system B stops 
 

tb  =  time of the moving reference system B (in the spaceship) 
TA = time in reference system A (on earth) 
Table T1 
V = relative speed between the two reference systems 
C = speed of light 
(V/C)         0,000      0.10       0.20         0.30            0.4           ,0,5 
    (ta/tb)        1.0          0.995     0.978       0.954         0.916       0,886 (V/C)           0,06      0.70       0.80         0.90         1,00 
   (ta '/tb)          0.80     0.714     0.600       0.435        0,000
 
 
 

The higher is the speed, thus the relationship V to tb, the larger is the time slow down; and the smaller is the result for tb according to o.g. the above Formula. 
In the example the travel speed is 80% of the speed of light = 240 000 km/sec.. 
The relationship V/C is therefore 240000/300000 = 0,8. That results in according to the table a ta'/tb of 0,6. 

The initial value was v/c = 0,8.  This results in the table code ta'/tb to 0,6. This is directly under the 0.6 in the table T1. 

The same result is also registered above (marked in colour) in the formula (diagram F1). The table codes show the results from the 
Formula F1, which must be then multiplied by the travel time in earth years in order to obtain the result for the travel duration of the spaceship. 
 

With  V/C = 0.5 = 50% of the speed of light amounts to the ratio 
ta'/ tb to only 0.886, which means again that in 
reference system B 0.886 years (in the spaceship) passed, 
if in the reference system A (on earth) 1 year elapses. 
 
 

The experiment can be understood by everyone in a driving car, 
by letting a pencil fall on the seat. Since it is observed from inside the car,   the pencil falls down directly perpendicularly. The air resistance is switched off by the front sealing pane. In an open car without windowpanes, 
the pencil would hit in the boot in the fast driving car. If the vehicle is closed, then it falls exactly perpendicularly down. See here: open train

The falling of the suitcase lasts a certain time, just says exactly 1.1 seconds. The observer, who is standing outside at the railway embankment, however sees the longer drop way of the suitcase – the direct diagonal fall. The observer in the train, sees a shorter drop way - the direct perpendicular fall. Thus the drop way for the observer at the railway embankment must last longer than for the observer in the train. 

That is however impossible, since both of them see the same falling suitcase. 
Therefore the time of the falling suitcase passes more slowly for the observer at the railway embankment, because the speed of light is limited to maximum of 300,000 km/second. For both of them, it lasts 1.1 seconds, however the observer at the railway embankment is found to be in an  another - namely slower - time frame than the one in the train. 

Thus the time does not pass the same for both of the observers. It lasts one second longer for the observer standing at the railway embankment than for the observer in the train. For both of them, the suitcase hits after 1,1 seconds, however in each case within another time frame.

Explanation time frame: The time frame 1 is effective for the volume of the train in which one second has a certain duration, which is however shorter than that in the time 2. In the time frame 2, the observer is found to be outside the train at the railway embarkment. In both cases the suitcase takes 1,1 seconds to fall down, however within the time framework 2, the second lasts longer (Timedilatation) than for the observer in the train. 
 
 
 

Open train- 

Animation - openTRAIN - Since there are no windows in the train, 
air resistance develops. Since the train moves to the left, 
the suitcase falls back to the right. Both observers 
(in the train and outside the train) see the same. 
The suitcase falls diagonally opposite to the
driving direction on the ground.
 

The now lasts at least 1/25 = 0.04 second:    The film industry is dependent on it that pictures are transformed into harmoniously running films, which do not jolt or jerk. 
25 pictures run per second in a cinema or television film and we do not notice the transitions at all. --> PHI phenomenon - the film goes on harmoniously without any jerk. 

Dream...   it is occasionally said that dreams passes much faster in comparison to appropriate awake experiences. 
However no proofs are availaible. 

The now is about 50 milliseconds long, which is 
0.05 seconds - 1/20 second. This result was determined In a test with flashing points. 

Einstein says: The differentiation between the past, present and future is only a deception, even if it is a persistent one. See Planck time HERE 
 
 

Miracle?

Definition:  Miracle is considered to all what is unexplainable. It is a   unexplainable procedure for humans, which is not repeatable. 

If there are genuine miracles in the science, 
then we are only a virtual world in a PC of a nature. 
E.g. if it were stated that the evolution is controlled supernaturally, or that the universe developed from nothing (Uratom?). A further example would be, if a "Magician" goes through a wall. Here the physical law opposes: A body can only be at one place. 

Or a "Stone Madonna", which produces blood. If it can be proven clearly that no human intervention is present here, then we are living in a virtual world of a computer. 

Procedures can happen only in an electron world (virtual reality), which passes independently from the laws of nature.  Only in the virtual world of e.g a computer, physical laws have no effect. 

 

Term explanation "Virtual - Virtually": 
VIRTUALLY  : is not availaible in the real world (physically - materially)), only meant, apparently. 
Virtual reality (virtual reality) 
As virtual reality (VR) the representation and sense of the reality and its physical characteristics is designated in one in real time computer-generated virtual environment. 
It is thus only a happening in a running software; the participating persons and the subject are not existing. 
 

There must be scientific explanations for everything and indeed there is.   However God does not exclude this,   but the existing scientific explanation only excludes that we humans on earth are present in a computer generated electron world and/or. only existing virtually.  This simulation can be terminated by just pulling out the electric plug. 
 

Quotations: 
 "The miracle is that one believes again and again in miracles." - 
          Friedl Beutelrock 
- "a very ignorant nation will bend to a religion of full miracles just because of its ignorance." - Henry 
         Thomas Buckle, history of the civilization 5 
- "secrets are still no miracles." - 
          Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 
- "Whaever a human likes to pray - he prays for miracles." - 
          Iwan S. Turgenjew, Poem in Prosa 
 

Table of the area - hierarchy

2 points limit for 1 line                        =  one-dimentional
4 lines  for a surface                          =  two-dimensional 
6 surfaces for a volume                     =  three-dimensional 
8 volumes for four-dimensional thing =  four-dimensional

One considers the increase of the edges:
2 points - 4 lines - 6 surfaces - 8 volumes for
1dimensional - 2dimensional - 3dimensional - 4dimensional Only for memory:
Stable planet courses can only exist in the 3dimensional area.

That’s why we live in a world of 3 space dimensions and
a time dimension. Another composition of
dimensions is to be excluded.

In all publications and astrophysics books it can be read that the gravitation results alone from the presence of large mass, and/or that a mass curves the area by its presence and gravitational fields results by that way.

That is doubted and classified as inapplicable:

There are STRONG and WEAK NUCLEAR POWER in the atoms.
The strong nuclear power is 100 times larger than the electro-dynamic forces (attraction between 2 charged particles).
The strong nuclear power is 100,000,000,000 stronger than the force of gravity (gravitation).
The strong nuclear power is 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 stronger than the weak nuclear power.

These elemental dimensional natural forces, which are constant since the Big Bang, must possess electro-dynamic fields, which spread their fields in unseen dimensions and thus produce the gravitation, and/or curve the area and thus the gravitation develops.
End to Kinkel gravitation develop theory.